IR gating SC signals during TAP Clock-DR and Pause-DR states

ABSTRACT

The disclosure describes novel methods and apparatuses for controlling a device&#39;s TCA circuit when the device exists in a JTAG daisy-chain arrangement with other devices. The methods and apparatuses allow the TCA test pattern set used during device manufacturing to be reused when the device is placed in a JTAG daisy-chain arrangement with other devices, such as in a customers system using the device. Additional embodiments are also provided and described in the disclosure.

This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 12/795,364,filed Jun. 7, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,108,742, issued Jan. 31, 2012;

Which claims priority from Provisional Application No. 61/186,115, filedJun. 11, 2009.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

This disclosure relates generally to test compression architectures inelectrical devices and in particular to accessing test compressionarchitectures in a daisy-chained JTAG environment.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

A growing number of electrical devices, which may be ICs or embeddedcores within ICs, are being tested using test compression architectures(TCA), such as Mentor's TestKompress™ embedded deterministic testtechnology, incorporated herein by reference. Fundamentally a TCAconsists of three elements, a decompressor circuit, a parallel scan patharrangement, and a compactor circuit. The decompressor circuit receivescompressed input data from one or more inputs from a tester,decompresses the compressed input data into parallel stimulus patternsthat are input to parallel scan paths. The compactor circuit receivesparallel response patterns that are output from the parallel scan paths,compacts the response patterns down to one or more compressed dataoutputs that are input to the tester. A first advantage of TCAs is thatthey allow a large number of shorter length parallel scan paths to beaccessed using only a small number of compressed data inputs andcompressed data outputs. A second advantage of TCAs is that they reducethe amount of test data that needs to be transmitted between the testerand device under test, since the test data is compressed. Today deviceTCAs must be accessed for testing by connecting the device TCA interfacedirectly to a tester. The present disclosure provides methods andapparatuses for allowing a device TCA to be accessed for testing whenthe device is not connected directly to a tester but rather exists in aserial path containing other devices.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of device 100 containing a testcompression architecture (TCA) 102. The TCA 102 is interfaced to anexternal tester via a compressed data input (CI), a compressed dataoutput (CO), a scan clock (SC) input, and a scan enable (SE) input.While TCAs may have more than one CI input and more than one CO output,this disclosure focuses on TCAs that use a single CI input and a singleCO output. The TCA 102 comprises a decompressor 104, a compactor 106,and parallel scan paths 108. The TCA 102 may also include a clockselector (CS) 110 to allow the parallel scan paths to be clocked by thedevices functional clock (FC) at times when the parallel scan paths arecapturing response data. The decompressor has inputs coupled to the CI,SC and SE inputs and outputs coupled to the scan inputs (SI) of theparallel scan paths 108. The compactor has inputs coupled to the scanoutputs (SO) of parallel scan paths 108 and an output coupled to the COoutput. The parallel scan paths 108, in addition to the SI inputs and SOoutputs, have inputs coupled to the SC and SE inputs, inputs coupled toresponse outputs from combinational logic, and outputs coupled tostimulus inputs to combinational logic, as shown in FIG. 3. If the CS110 is used, the SE input will control it to pass the SC signal to theparallel scan paths 108 during shift operations and to pass the FCsignal to the parallel scan paths 108 during capture operations.

FIG. 2 illustrates the operational states 202 and 204 of the TCA duringtest. In state 202 when the SE input is low and an SC input occurs theparallel scan paths capture response data from the combinational logicand the decompressor is reset to a known state. If CS 110 is used, thelogic low on SE will select the FC signal to clock the parallel scanpaths in state 202. In state 204 when the SE input is high and SC inputsoccur the decompressor 104 decompresses the data input on CI intoparallel scan inputs (SI) that are shifted into the parallel scan paths,and the compactor 106 inputs and compacts the parallel scan outputs (SO)from the parallel scan paths into a single output which is output on CO.If CS 110 is used, the logic high on SE will select the SC signal toclock the parallel scan paths in state 204. The TCA will remain in state204 until the compressed input to the parallel scan paths and thecompressed output from the scan paths is complete. As can be seen thecapture and shift operation states of the TCA is similar to the captureand shift operation states of conventional scan paths, with theexception that the TCA includes the additional operations ofdecompressing the data input on CI to produce the scan inputs (SI) tothe parallel scan paths and compressing the scan outputs (SO) from theparallel scan paths into a compressed form that can be output on CO.

While the example of FIG. 2 shows SE being low in state 202 and high instate 204, the logic levels of SE for these states could be reversed ifdesire.

Most known decompressors 104 utilize a linear feedback state machine(LFSM) in conjunction with a phase shifter circuit to produce the outputpatterns that are applied to the SI inputs of the parallel scan paths108. In the referenced Mentor TestKompress™ technology, the LFSM isreferred to as a ring generator which is a particular type of linearfeedback shift register. The ring generator receives the CI data and, inresponse, produces pseudo random input patterns to the phase shifter.The phase shifter responds to the pseudo random input patterns to outputstimulus input (SI) patterns to the parallel scan paths. The CI inputmodifies the output patterns from the ring generator to allow the phaseshifter to produce the desired stimulus pattern input to the parallelscan paths.

Most known compactors 106 utilize XOR gating trees that input the scanoutputs (SO) from the parallel scan paths and compress them, via XORgating, into a single compacted signal that can be output on CO. Whilesimple compactors may only use XOR gating trees, more sophisticatedcompactors, such as the compactor used the reference MentorTestKompress™ technology, may use XOR gating trees in combination withmasking circuitry to allow masking off unknown scan outputs (SO) fromthe parallel scan path scan to prevent the unknown scan outputs fromcorrupting the compacted signal output on CO. If the compactor containsmasking circuitry it can receive masking data (MD) from the decompressor104 and control from SC and SE to load the masking data, as shown indotted line in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device 402 with a TCA 102 beingdirectly connected to an external tester 404 via the CI, SC, SE and COTCA interface signals to allow TCA test patterns to be applied to thedevice. This example is typical of how the device manufacturer wouldtest the device.

FIG. 5 illustrates the tester 404 of FIG. 4 operating the SC and SEsignals to perform a TCA scan cycle. The scan cycle includes a captureoperation 502 that Captures response data and Resets the decompressor(CR) to a starting seed state, i.e. state 202 of FIG. 2, followed by ashift operation 504, whereby the tester inputs CI data to the TCAdecompressor 104 and receives CO data from the TCA compactor, i.e. state204 of FIG. 2. The shift operation 504 continues until the parallel scanpaths are filled with stimulus data and emptied of response data. Thescan cycle of FIG. 5 repeats 508 until the TCA test is complete.

FIGS. 4 and 5 have illustrated an example of how a tester 404 can accessa device's TCA 102 for testing when a connection can be made between thetester and the device's TCA interface. As seen in FIG. 4 the connectionbetween the tester and device TCA requires a direct connection for theCI signal, a direct connection for the SC signal, a direct connectionfor the SE signal and a direct connection for the CO signal.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a device 602 with a TCA 102 beingconnected to an external JTAG controller 606 via the device's testaccess port (TAP) 604. The TAP is a well known device test interfacedefined in IEEE standard 1149.1. The interface between the JTAGcontroller 606 and TAP 604 includes test data input (TDI), test clock(TCK), test mode select (TMS), and test data output (TDO) signals. TheTAP 604 is adapted to interface with the TCA's CI, SC, SE and COsignals. This example allows device manufacturer test patterns to beapplied to the device TCA from a JTAG controller.

FIG. 7 illustrates the TAP 604 in more detail and its interface to TCA102. The TAP 604 includes a TAP controller 702, instruction register(IR) 704, single bit bypass register (BR) 706, boundary scan register(BSR) 708, multiplexer 710, multiplexer 712, and decode circuit 714, allconnected as shown. The TAP controller 702 responds to TCK and TMS toshift data through the IR 704, the BR 706, or the BSR 708 from TDI toTDO according to the TAP controller state diagram of FIG. 8. Duringshift operations, multiplexers 710 and 712 couple the selectedregister's output to TDO. As seen, the TCA is interfaced to the TAP andoperates as an additional data register that can be selected andaccessed via TDI and TDO. The instruction shifted into the IR 704 isinput to the decode circuit 714 which controls which data register (BR,BSR, or TCA) is selected for access. The decode circuit also receivesthe TCK and signals from the TAP controller 702 to generate outputcontrol signals 716 required to access a selected data register (BR,BSR, or TCA). As seen, when the TCA is selected the decoder circuit 714provides the SC and SE control signals to the TCA via bus 716.

FIG. 9 illustrates the TAP 604 responding to the JTAG controller 606 totransition through states of FIG. 8 to operate the TCA SC and SE controlsignals during a TCA scan cycle. In this example, and in response to aTCA select instruction loaded into IR 704, the SC signal is coupled tothe Clock-DR signal from the TAP controller 702, via the decode circuit716, and the SE signal is coupled to the Shift-DR signal from the TAPcontroller 702, via the decode circuit 716. The Clock-DR and Shift-DRsignals are TAP controller signals defined in the IEEE 1149.1 standardused to capture and shift the data register selected by the currentinstruction in IR 704. The scan cycle includes a capture operation 902during the Capture-DR state of FIG. 8 that Captures response data andResets the decompressor (state 202) followed by a shift operation 904(state 204) during the Shift-DR state of FIG. 8, whereby the JTAGcontroller 606 inputs CI data to the TCA decompressor 104 and receivesCO data from the TCA compactor 106. The shift operation 904 continuesuntil the parallel scan paths are filled with stimulus data and emptiedof response data. As seen in FIG. 9, after the shift operation 904 theTAP controller must transition through the Exit1-DR, Update-DR, andSelect-DR states 906 of FIG. 8 before returning to the Capture-DR state,so the TCA scan cycle of FIG. 9 is not as efficient time-wise as the TCAscan cycle of FIG. 5. However, the less efficient TCA scan cycle of FIG.9 is advantageous over the TCA scan cycle of FIG. 5 since the TCA scancycle of FIG. 9 can be applied at any point in the devices 602 lifecycle, i.e. device manufacturing through end product use, since thedevice TAP signals are dedicated and are always available for access bya JTAG controller. As with TCA scan cycle of FIG. 5, the TCA scan cycleof FIG. 9 repeats 908 until the TCA test is complete.

FIGS. 6 through 9 have illustrated an example of how to adapt a device'sTAP 604 to where it can access a device's TCA for testing when aconnection can be made between a JTAG controller 606 and the device'sTAP 604. As seen in FIG. 6 the connection between the JTAG controller606 and device TAP 604 requires a direct connection for the TDI signal,a direct connection for the TCK signal, a direct connection for the TMSsignal, and a direct connection for the TDO signal to allow the TCA testpatterns to be applied to the device during device manufacture.

The present disclosure, as will described in detail below, identifies aproblem with using a JTAG controller for applying TCA test patterns to adevice when the device exists in a daisy-chain arrangement along withother devices, for example in a customers system. The disclosureprovides novel solutions to resolve this TCA test pattern applicationproblem.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

This disclosure describes methods and apparatuses for allowing a JTAGcontroller to reapply the device manufacturer's TCA test patterns to thedevice when the device exists in a JTAG daisy-chain arrangement alongwith other devices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional test compression architecture (TCA)within a device.

FIG. 2 illustrates the basic operations of a TCA.

FIG. 3 illustrates the stimulus and response connections betweencombinational logic and TCA scan paths in a device.

FIG. 4 illustrates a connection between a tester and a device TCA.

FIG. 5 illustrates timing of a tester applying TCA scan cycles.

FIG. 6 illustrates a connection between a JTAG controller and a deviceTAP that accesses a TCA for testing.

FIG. 7 illustrates the device TAP in more detail.

FIG. 8 illustrates the state diagram of the device TAP's TAP controller.

FIG. 9 illustrates timing of a JTAG controller applying TCA scan cycles.

FIG. 10 illustrates a group of devices in a daisy-chain arrangementconnected to a JTAG controller.

FIG. 11 illustrates a JTAG controller applying JTAG scan cycles to thedevices in the daisy-chain arrangement.

FIG. 12A illustrates a device with a TCA in a JTAG daisy-chainarrangement with trailing devices.

FIG. 12B illustrates a device with a TCA in a JTAG daisy-chainarrangement with leading and trailing devices.

FIG. 12C illustrates a device with a TCA in a JTAG daisy-chainarrangement with leading devices.

FIG. 13 illustrate a device comprising a TCA and a modified TAP toimprove TCA testing according to the disclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates the modified TAP of FIG. 13 in more detail accordingto the disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates a simplified view of the TAP state diagram of FIG.8.

FIG. 16 illustrates timing of TCA scan cycles using the modified TAP ofFIG. 13 according to the disclosure.

FIG. 17 illustrates the device of FIG. 13 in a daisy-chain arrangementwith trailing devices.

FIG. 18 illustrates timing to apply TCA scan cycles to the device ofFIG. 17 according to the disclosure.

FIG. 19 illustrates the device of FIG. 13 in a daisy-chain arrangementwith leading and trailing devices.

FIG. 20 illustrates timing to apply TCA scan cycles to the device ofFIG. 19 according to the disclosure.

FIG. 21 illustrates the device of FIG. 13 in a daisy-chain arrangementwith leading devices.

FIG. 22 illustrates timing to apply TCA scan cycles to the device ofFIG. 21 according to the disclosure.

FIG. 23 illustrates a device comprising a TCA, a Start Bit Detector(SBD) circuit, and a TAP to improve TCA testing according to thedisclosure.

FIG. 24 illustrates the SBD circuit of FIG. 23 in more detail accordingto the disclosure.

FIG. 25 illustrates the operation of the SBD circuit of FIG. 24according to the disclosure.

FIG. 26 illustrates timing of TCA scan cycles using the SBD circuit ofFIG. 24 according to the disclosure.

FIGS. 27A and 27B illustrate example counters that can be used in theSBD circuit of FIG. 24.

FIG. 28 illustrates the device of FIG. 23 in a daisy-chain arrangementwith trailing devices.

FIG. 29 illustrates timing to apply TCA scan cycles to the device ofFIG. 28 according to the disclosure.

FIG. 30 illustrates the device of FIG. 23 in a daisy-chain arrangementwith leading and trailing devices.

FIG. 31 illustrates timing to apply TCA scan cycles to the device ofFIG. 30 according to the disclosure.

FIG. 32 illustrates the device of FIG. 23 in a daisy-chain arrangementwith leading devices.

FIG. 33 illustrates timing to apply TCA scan cycles to the device ofFIG. 32 according to the disclosure.

FIG. 34 illustrates a device comprising a TCA, a Pause State Detector(PSD) circuit, and a TAP to improve TCA testing according to thedisclosure.

FIG. 35 illustrates the PSD circuit of FIG. 34 in more detail accordingto the disclosure.

FIG. 36 illustrates the operation of the PSD circuit of FIG. 35according to the disclosure.

FIG. 37 illustrates timing of TCA scan cycles using the PSD circuit ofFIG. 34 according to the disclosure.

FIG. 38 illustrates the device of FIG. 34 in a daisy-chain arrangementwith trailing devices.

FIG. 39 illustrates timing to apply TCA scan cycles to the device ofFIG. 38 according to the disclosure.

FIG. 40 illustrates the device of FIG. 34 in a daisy-chain arrangementwith leading and trailing devices.

FIG. 41 illustrates timing to apply TCA scan cycles to the device ofFIG. 40 according to the disclosure.

FIG. 42 illustrates the device of FIG. 34 in a daisy-chain arrangementwith leading devices.

FIG. 43 illustrates timing to apply TCA scan cycles to the device ofFIG. 42 according to the disclosure.

FIG. 44 illustrates an alternate implementation of the SBD and PSDcircuits according to the disclosure.

FIG. 45A illustrates a JTAG controller applying TCA test patterns,according to one of the approaches described in this disclosure, to adevice in a daisy-chain with trailing devices.

FIG. 45B illustrates a JTAG controller applying TCA test patterns,according to one of the approaches described in this disclosure, to adevice in a daisy-chain with leading and trailing devices.

FIG. 45C illustrates a JTAG controller applying TCA test patterns,according to one of the approaches described in this disclosure, to adevice in a daisy-chain with leading devices.

FIG. 46 illustrates a device with multiple TCA circuits that can beselected and tested using one or more of the approaches described inthis disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

In the following description of the disclosure, FIGS. 10, 11, and12A-12C are provided to illustrate and describe device TCA testingproblems when the device exists in a JTAG daisy-chain arrangement. FIGS.13 through 44A-44C are provided to illustrate and describe solutions,according to the disclosure, that resolve device TCA testing problems inJTAG daisy-chain arrangements.

FIG. 10 illustrates N devices 1002-1006 in a serial daisy-chainarrangement 108 that is connected to a JTAG controller 606. Each deviceincludes a TAP 604 including TDI, TCK, TMS and TDO interface signals. Asseen the first device 1002 is connected to the TDI output from the JTAGcontroller and the last device 1006 is connected to the TDO input to theJTAG controller. Intermediate devices 1004 are connected in series withthe first and last devices via TDI and TDO. All devices are connected tothe TMS and TCK outputs from the JTAG controller. This configurationbetween the JTAG controller and series of daisy-chained devices is wellknown in the industry.

The arrangement 108 of devices 1002-1006 could be; (1) an arrangement ofembedded core circuits within an IC, (2) an arrangement of ICs in an ICmanufacturing test environment, (3) an arrangement of ICs in acustomer's system such as a computer or cell phone, or (4) any otherarrangement where the devices 1002-1006 need to be connected in seriesand accessed by a JTAG controller for test, emulation, debug, and/orother operations.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example JTAG data register scan cycle wherebydata registers in all devices 1002-1006 in arrangement 108 capture (C)data at time 902 then shift data from the JTAG controller's TDI outputto the JTAG controller's TDO input at time 904. The scan cycle can berepeated 908 as required by transitioning the device TAPs through TAPstates Exit1-DR, Update-DR, and Select-DR 906 to re-enter the Capture-DRstate. The scan cycle of FIG. 11 is similar to the scan cycle of FIG. 9with the exception that a series of devices 1002-1006 are operated tocapture and shift during the scan cycle of FIG. 11 instead of the singledevice of FIG. 9.

FIGS. 12A-12C are provided to illustrate the problem of reapplying amanufacturers test patterns to the device's TCA 102 when the deviceexists in a serial daisy-chain arrangement with other devices as shownin FIG. 10.

In FIG. 12A the TAP instruction register (IR) 704 of device 1002 hasbeen loaded with an instruction that selects the TCA 102 between thedevice's TDI and TDO terminals and the TAP instruction registers (IR)704 of the other devices 1004-1006 have been loaded with an instructionthat selects their single bit bypass register (BR) between their TDI andTDO device terminals. During scan cycles the TAPs of the devices arecontrolled by a JTAG controller 606 to perform the capture 902 and shift904 operations shown in FIG. 11. During the capture operation 902 theparallel scan paths of device 1002 capture response data and the TCAdecompressor 104 is reset, as described in regard to FIG. 9. Also duringthe capture operation the single bit BRs of devices 1004-1006 are loadedwith a logic zero, as required in the JTAG IEEE 1149.1 standard. Duringthe shift operation 904 compressed input (CI) data is shifted directlyinto the device TCA from the JTAG controller 606 and compressed output(CO) data is shifted from the device TCA to the JTAG controller, via theBRs of trailing devices 1004-1006.

As can be seen and understood, the shift operation 904 of each scancycle of FIG. 12A will need to be extended to allow the CO outputs fromthe device 1002 TCA to pass through the BRs of trailing devices1004-1006 to be input to the JTAG controller 606. Extending the shiftoperation of each scan cycle by the number of trailing device BRs meansthat the manufacturer's TCA test patterns developed for testing device1002 directly, as shown in regard to FIGS. 6-9, will have to be modifiedto include the additional shift operations to traverse the trailingdevice BRs. For example in arrangement 1008 of FIG. 12A if 20 device1004-1006 BRs exist between the TDO output of device 1002 and the TDOinput to a JTAG controller 606, each TCA scan cycle will have to bemodified to include 20 additional shifts per scan cycle.

In FIG. 12B the TAP instruction register (IR) 704 of device 1004 hasbeen loaded with an instruction that selects the TCA 102 between thedevice's TDI and TDO terminals and the TAP instruction registers (IR)704 of devices 1002 and 1006 have been loaded with an instruction thatselects their single bit bypass register (BR) between their TDI and TDOdevice terminals. During scan cycles the TAPs of the devices arecontrolled by a JTAG controller 606 to perform the capture 902 and shift904 operations shown in FIG. 11. During the capture operation 902 theparallel scan paths of device 1004 capture response data and the TCA'sdecompressor 104 is reset, as described in regard to FIG. 9. Also duringthe capture operation 902 the single bit BRs of devices 1002 and 1006are loaded with a logic zero, as required in the JTAG IEEE 1149.1standard. During the shift operation 904, the compressed input (CI) datafrom a JTAG controller 606 is shifted into the device 1004 TCA vialeading BRs of devices 1002 and the compressed output (CO) data from thedevice 1004 TCA is shifted out to the JTAG controller 606 via trailingBRs of devices 1006.

As can be seen and understood, the shift operation 904 of each scancycle of FIG. 12B will need to be extended by the number of leadingdevice BRs and trailing device BRs. Extending the shift operation ofeach scan cycle by the number of leading and trailing device BRs meansthat the device manufacturer's TCA test patterns developed for testingdevice 1004 directly, as shown in regard to FIGS. 6-9, will have to bemodified to include the additional shift operations to traverse theleading and trailing device BRs. For example in arrangement 1008 of FIG.12B if 10 leading and 10 trailing BRs between the device 1004 and a JTAGcontroller 606, each TCA scan cycle will have to be modified to include20 additional shifts per scan cycle.

In FIG. 12C the TAP instruction register (IR) 704 of device 1006 hasbeen loaded with an instruction that selects the TCA 102 between thedevice's TDI and TDO terminals and the TAP instruction registers (IR)704 of devices 1002-1004 have been loaded with an instruction thatselects their single bit bypass register (BR) between their TDI and TDOdevice terminals. During scan cycles the TAPs of the devices arecontrolled by a JTAG controller 606 to perform the capture 902 and shift904 operations shown in FIG. 11. During the capture operation 902 theparallel scan paths of device 1006 capture response data and the TCA'sdecompressor 104 is reset, as described in regard to FIG. 9. Also duringthe capture operation 902 the single bit BRs of devices 1002-1004 areloaded with a logic zero, as required in the JTAG IEEE 1149.1 standard.During the shift operation 904, the compressed input (CI) data from aJTAG controller 606 is shifted into the device 1006 TCA via leading BRsof devices 1002-1004 and the compressed output (CO) data from the device1006 TCA is directly shifted out to the JTAG controller 606.

As can be seen and understood, the shift operation 904 of each scancycle of FIG. 12C will need to be extended by the number of leadingdevice 1002-1004 BRs. Extending the shift operation of each scan cycleby the number of leading device BRs means that the device manufacturer'sTCA test patterns developed for testing device 1006 directly, as shownin regard to FIGS. 6-9, will have to be modified to include theadditional shift operations to traverse the leading device BRs. Forexample in arrangement 1008 of FIG. 12C if 20 leading BRs between thedevice 1006 and the JTAG controller 606, each TCA scan cycle will haveto be modified to include 20 additional shifts per scan cycle.

The above mentioned need, in FIGS. 12A-12C, to extend the shift 904phase of each scan cycle with additional shift operations to traversethe leading and/or trailing BRs means that the manufacturer's TCA testpatterns cannot be used to test devices when they exist in a daisy-chainarrangement 1008. Thus the device manufacturer's TCA test patterns wouldneed to be modified for use in various daisy-chain arrangements 1008.For example one user of a manufactured device (customer 1) may place thedevice in an arrangement 1008 with 10 leading devices, while anotheruser of the same manufactured device (customer 2) may place the devicein an arrangement 1008 with 20 leading devices. To support device TCAtesting for both customers, the device manufacturer would have toprovide a first device TCA test pattern set for the arrangement 1008used by customer 1 and a second device TCA test pattern set forarrangement used by customer 2. Additional TCA test patterns would berequired for each new arrangement used by another customer.

In addition to the above described need to modify the devicemanufacturer's TCA test patterns to include additional shift operationsfor leading and/or trailing BRs, the arrangements 1008 of FIGS. 12B and12C introduce an additional TCA test problem, as described below.

As previously described in regard to the direct device to JTAGcontroller manufacturing connection of FIGS. 6-9, the device TCA expectsto input the manufacturing test pattern CI data immediately at the startof each scan cycle shift operation 904. However, as can be seen in FIGS.12B and 12C, the TCAs of devices 1004 and 1006 input bypass bits (BB)from leading BRs at the start of each scan cycle shift operation 904,instead of CI data from the JTAG controller 606. As previously mentionedin regard to FIGS. 12A-12C, the BRs are loaded with logic zeros duringthe capture 902 phase of each scan operation. Thus the TCA'sdecompressor, instead of immediately receiving the CI data, receives astream of logic zero BBs prior to receiving the CI data.

Since the decompressor 104 is clocked by SC during shift operation 904it responds to the logic low BBs to start producing pattern outputs tothe input SI inputs of the parallel scan paths, as described in FIG. 2.The input of the logic zero BBs, prior to input of the CI data, willcause the TCA's decompressor 104 to advance from its reset state(starting seed state) to some other state determined by the number ofBBs the decompressor receives. When the decompressor finally startsreceiving CI data from the JTAG controller, it will be in a state thatis different from its intended starting seed state. Since thedecompressor will not be in the expected starting seed state, the devicemanufacturer's TCA test patterns will not be able to control thedecompressor via the CI input to produce the intended stimulus outputsto the parallel scan paths, which invalidates the TCA test.

While it is possible to create a new TCA test pattern set thatanticipates the decompressor starting in a state different from itsintended starting state, there would need to be a TCA test pattern setfor each arrangement 1008 the device is placed in. For example one userof a manufactured device (customer 1) may place the device in anarrangement 1008 with 10 leading devices, while another user of the samemanufactured device (customer 2) may place the device in an arrangement1008 with 20 leading devices. To support device TCA testing for bothcustomers, the device manufacturer would have to provide a first deviceTCA test pattern set for the arrangement 1008 used by customer 1 and asecond device TCA test pattern set for arrangement used by customer 2.Additional TCA test patterns would be required for each new arrangementused by other customers.

As can be seen, the modified manufacturer's TCA test patterns describedabove extends the time it takes to test a device's TCA since the shiftphase 904 of each scan cycle is increased by the number of BRs in thearrangement 1008.

The present disclosure, as described below, provides device TCA designapproaches that enable the device to be tested in either themanufacturing test arrangement of FIG. 6 or the daisy-chain testarrangement of FIG. 10 using the same TCA test pattern set.Additionally, the device TCA design approaches enable the device TCAtest times of the manufacturing test (FIG. 6) and daisy-chain test (FIG.10) to be almost the same.

In the following, a first TCA design approach is described in regard toFIGS. 13-22, a second TCA design approach is described in regard toFIGS. 23-33, and a third TCA design approach is described in regard toFIGS. 34-43.

First TCA Design Approach Description

FIG. 13 illustrates a device 1302 comprising a TCA 102 and TAP 1304connected as shown. TAP 1304 is the same as TAP 604 of FIG. 7 with theexception that it is modified to allow SC signals to be output to theTCA 102 when the TAP controller 702 is in the Pause-DR state. Thearrangement of FIG. 13 illustrates a direct way the device manufacturerwould apply TCA test patterns to the TCA of device 1302 from a JTAGcontroller 606.

FIG. 14 illustrates one example of how to modify TAP 1304 to produce SCsignals during the Pause-DR state. In the standard TAP 604 of FIG. 6,the Clock-DR signal from the TAP controller 702 is enabled to drive theTCA's SC input signal by an output from the instruction register (IR)704 that is set whenever a TCA test instruction is loaded into the IR704. In this example the SC signal is enabled to be driven by Clock-DRsignal via an And gate 1404 and OR gate 1408 when And gate 1404 isenabled by an output from IR 704. When And gate 1404 is enabled, TCAtesting can occur as previously described in regard to FIGS. 6-9. Itshould be noted that if TCA testing is being performed as described inFIG. 6-9, the OR gate 1408 is not necessary and the output of And gate1404 can directly drive the SC input to the TCA.

To achieve the operation of the present disclosure, the OR gate 1408 isrequired along with an additional And gate 1406. Also a new TCA testinstruction is defined to enable the operation of the presentdisclosure. As seen, both And gates 1404 and 1406 are enabled by outputsfrom IR 704 when the new TCA instruction is loaded. And gate 1404produces SC signal outputs during the Capture-DR state and Shift-DRstate as described in FIGS. 6-9. And gate 1406 produces SC signaloutputs whenever the TAP controller 702 is in the Pause-DR state. Inthis example, And gate 1406 is enabled to pass the TCK signal to the SCoutput whenever it is enabled by the new TCA instruction and the TAPcontroller 702 is in the Pause-DR state.

FIG. 15 illustrates a simplified view of the TAP controller diagram ofFIG. 8.

FIG. 16 illustrates the timing diagram of how device manufacturers TCAtest patterns can be applied using the new TCA test instruction of thepresent disclosure. As seen the TCA test starts by transitioning the TAPcontroller 702 into the Capture-DR state of FIG. 15. In the Capture-DRstate the SE signal is low and an SC signal occurs which causes theparallel scan paths 108 to capture response data and the decompressor104 to reset (CR), as previously described the timing diagram of FIG. 9.From the Capture-DR state the TAP controller 702 transitions to theExit1-DR state then to the Pause-DR state. In the Pause-DR state Andgate 1406 is enabled by the TAP controller 702 to pass the TCK signal tothe SC signal which repeats the capturing of response data into theparallel scan paths and the resetting of the decompressor 104. ThePause-DR signal to And gate 1406 can be produced by connecting a gate3406 to the Tap controller's 702 state bus to detect when the TAPcontroller is in the Pause-DR state, as seen in circuit arrangement 3408of FIG. 34. From the Pause-DR state the TAP controller transitions tothe Exit2-DR state then to the Shift-DR state. In the Shift-DR state, SEis set high to enable the parallel scan paths to shift, the TCA'sdecompressor inputs CI data from TDI, and the TCA's compactor outputs COdata to TDO. When the input of CI data and output of CO data is completethe TAP controller transitions from the Shift-DR state to the Pause-DRstate via the Exit1-DR state. In the Pause-DR state the SE signal is lowand an SC signal occurs to cause the parallel scan paths to capture dataand the decompressor to reset (CR). From the Pause-DR state the TAPcontroller 702 transitions to the Shift-DR state via the Exit2-DR stateto again input CI data and output CO data. This process of entering thePause-DR state to capture response data into the scan paths and resetthe decompressor followed by entering the Shift-DR state to input CIdata to the decompressor 104 from TDI and output CO data from thecompactor 102 on TDO forms the TCA scan cycle of the new TCA instructionof the present disclosure. This new TCA scan cycle repeats 1602 untilall TCA test patterns have all been applied. At the end of the TCA testthe TAP controller will transition from the Exit2-DR state to theUpdate-DR state and on to the next TAP controller state.

As can be seen the TCA scan cycle of FIG. 16 is similar to the onedescribed in FIG. 9 with the exception that the capturing of responsedata into the scan paths and the resetting of the decompressor occurs inthe Pause-DR state instead of in the Capture-DR state. Also as can beseen the TAP controller only enters the Capture-DR state at thebeginning of the TCA test. The benefit of applying device manufacturingTCA test patterns using TCA scan cycles that do not have to enter theCapture-DR state will be appreciated in the following JTAG daisy-chainarrangement descriptions of FIG. 17-22.

FIG. 17 illustrates device 1302 of FIG. 13 being placed in JTAGdaisy-chain arrangement 1700 with a number of trailing devices1702-1704. The daisy-chain arrangement of FIG. 17 could be a customer'ssystem that uses device 1302. The daisy-chain arrangement 1700 of FIG.17 is similar to daisy-chain arrangement 1008 of FIG. 12A. When a TCAtest is to be performed on device 1302, the IR 704 of device 1302 isloaded with the new TCA test instruction described in FIGS. 13-16 andIRs of devices 1702-1704 are loaded with instructions that select theirBRs.

FIG. 18 illustrates the timing diagram of how the device manufacturer'sTCA test patterns may be reapplied to device 1302 when device 1302exists in the daisy-chain arrangement 1700 of FIG. 17. As can be seen incomparing the timing diagram of FIG. 18 with the one in FIG. 16, thedevice manufacturer TCA test patterns are applied using scan cycles thatare identical in operation to the scan cycles described in FIG. 16 fromtiming point 1802 to timing point 1804. The only difference between thetiming diagrams of FIGS. 16 and 18 is that at the end of test when allmanufacturer TCA test patterns have been applied to device 1302, thetiming diagram of FIG. 18 performs one last scan cycle at timing points1806 to 1808 to allow the CO data that has been shifted into the BRs ofthe trailing devices 1702-1704 to be shifted out to the JTAG controller606. Following this last shift operation to unload CO data from the BRsthe TCA test completes by transitioning from the Shift-DR state to theUpdate-DR state via the Exit1-DR state.

As can be seen and appreciated the same device TCA test pattern set usedby the device 1302 manufacturer can be reapplied in a customer'sdaisy-chain arrangement 1700 simply by performing a last scan cycle tounload CO data from the trailing device BRs. The reason themanufacturer's TCA test pattern set can be reapplied comes from the factthat the new TCA test instruction of the present disclosure avoids usingthe Capture-DR state to capture response into the TCA's scan paths andreset the TCA's decompressor. By not using the Capture-DR state duringTCA scan cycles, the BRs of the trailing devices are never set to alogic zero during the TCA test, which allows the BRs to operate aspipeline bits between the TDO output of device 1302 and the TDO input tothe JTAG controller 606. During the last scan cycle of FIG. 18appropriate pad bits (PB) are applied to the TDI input of device 1302from the JTAG controller.

FIG. 19 illustrates device 1302 of FIG. 13 being placed in JTAGdaisy-chain arrangement 1900 with a number of leading devices 1902-1904and trailing devices 1702-1704. The daisy-chain arrangement of FIG. 19could be a customer's system that uses device 1302. The daisy-chainarrangement 1900 of FIG. 19 is similar to daisy-chain arrangement 1008of FIG. 12B. When a TCA test is to be performed on device 1302, the IR704 of device 1302 is loaded with the new TCA test instruction describedin FIGS. 13-16 and IRs of devices 1902-1904 and 1702-1704 are loadedwith instructions that select their BRs.

FIG. 20 illustrates the timing diagram of how the device manufacturer'sTCA test patterns may be reapplied to device 1302 when device 1302exists in the daisy-chain arrangement 1900 of FIG. 19. As can be seen incomparing the timing diagram of FIG. 19 with the one in FIG. 18, thedevice manufacturer TCA test patterns are applied using scan cycles thatare identical in operation to the scan cycles described in FIG. 18 fromtiming point 2002 to timing point 2004. The only difference between thetiming diagrams of FIGS. 20 and 18 is that at the beginning of the TCAtest a first scan cycle is performed between timing points 2006 and 2008to allow the CI data from the JTAG controller to be shifted into the BRsof the leading devices 1902-1904. Following this first scan cycleoperation to load CI data into the leading BRs the TCA test executesuntil completion as described in the timing diagram of FIG. 18.

As can be seen and appreciated the same device TCA test pattern set usedby the device 1302 manufacturer can be reapplied in a customer'sdaisy-chain arrangement 1900 simply by performing a first scan cycle toload CI data into leading device BRs and a last scan cycle to unload COdata from trailing device BRs. Again, the reason the manufacturer's TCAtest pattern set can be reapplied comes from the fact that the new TCAtest instruction of the present disclosure avoids using the Capture-DRstate to capture response into the TCA's scan paths and reset the TCA'sdecompressor. By not using the Capture-DR state during TCA scan cycles,the BRs of leading and trailing devices are never set to a logic zeroduring the TCA test, which allows the BRs to operate as leading andtrailing pipeline bits between the JTAG controller 606 and device 1302.During the first scan cycle of FIG. 20 the data output to the JTAGcontroller's TDO input are considered don't care bits (DC).

FIG. 21 illustrates device 1302 of FIG. 13 being placed in JTAGdaisy-chain arrangement 2100 with a number of leading devices 1902-1904.The daisy-chain arrangement of FIG. 21 could be a customer's system thatuses device 1302. The daisy-chain arrangement 2100 of FIG. 19 is similarto daisy-chain arrangement 1008 of FIG. 12C. When a TCA test is to beperformed on device 1302, the IR 704 of device 1302 is loaded with thenew TCA test instruction described in FIGS. 13-16 and IRs of devices1902-1904 are loaded with instructions that select their BRs.

FIG. 22 illustrates the timing diagram of how the device manufacturer'sTCA test patterns may be reapplied to device 1302 when device 1302exists in the daisy-chain arrangement 2100 of FIG. 21. As can be seen incomparing the timing diagram of FIG. 22 with the one in FIG. 20, thedevice manufacturer TCA test patterns are applied using scan cycles thatare identical in operation to the scan cycles described in FIG. 20 fromtiming point 2202 to timing point 2204. The only difference between thetiming diagrams of FIGS. 22 and 20 is that since the daisy-chainarrangement 2100 does not include any trailing devices, the last scancycle at the end of the TCA test is not required and the test ends bysimply transitioning from the Exit2-DR state to the Update-DR state 2206as previously shown and described in regard to the timing diagram ofFIG. 16.

As can be seen and appreciated the same device TCA test pattern set usedby the device 1302 manufacturer can be reapplied in a customer'sdaisy-chain arrangement 2100 simply by performing a first scan cycle toload CI data into leading devices BRs. Again, the reason themanufacturer's TCA test pattern set can be reapplied comes from the factthat the new TCA test instruction of the present disclosure avoids usingthe Capture-DR state to capture response into the TCA's scan paths andreset the TCA's decompressor. By not using the Capture-DR state duringTCA scan cycles, the BRs of leading devices are never set to a logiczero during the TCA test, which allows the BRs to operate as leadingpipeline bits between the JTAG controller 606 and device 1302.

Second TCA Design Approach Description

FIG. 23 illustrates a device 2302 comprising a TCA 102, a TAP 604, and astart bit detector (SBD) circuit 2304 connected as shown. The SBDcircuit 2304 is a circuit placed in the device to detect when a TCA testis to start. The SBD circuit 2304 inputs the TDI signal and the and SEsignals from TAP 604. The SBD circuit outputs an SC′ signal and an SE′signal to the TCA 102. When a SBD TCA test instruction is loaded intothe TAP 604 the SBD circuit polls the TDI input for a logic high startbit. When the SBD detects the start bit it enables the SC and SE signalsfrom TAP 604 to be input to the TCA via the SC′ and SE′ signals to startthe TCA test. The arrangement of FIG. 23 illustrates a direct way thedevice manufacturer would apply TCA test patterns to the TCA of device2302 from a JTAG controller 606.

FIG. 24 illustrates one example implementation of the SBD circuit 2304.The SBD 2304 comprises flip flops (FF) 2402-2406, OR gate 2408, Andgates 2410 and 2412, and a counter circuit (CNT) 2414. FF 2402 inputsdata from TDI, a clock signal from SC, a reset signal from SE, andoutputs data to a first input of OR gate 2408. FF 2404 inputs data fromthe output of OR gate 2408, an inverted clock signal from SC, a resetsignal from SE, and outputs data to FF 2406, the second input of OR gate2408, and a first input of And gate 2410. FF 2406 inputs data from FF2404, an inverted clock signal from SC, a reset signal from SE, andoutputs data to And gate 2412. And gate 2410 inputs the SC signal andthe data output of FF 2404 and outputs the SC′ signal. And gate 2412inputs the data output of FF 2406 and a count complete signal (CC) fromCNT 2414 and outputs the SE′ signal. The CNT 2414 inputs the SC′ and SE′signals from And gates 2410 and 2412 and outputs the CC signal to Andgate 2412.

To start a TCA test using the SBD 2304 a SBD TCA test instruction isloaded into the IR 704 of TAP 604 and the TAP controller 702 of TAP 604is transitioned into the Shift-DR state of FIG. 8. During the Shift-DRstate the TAP 604 sets SE high and outputs clocks on SC. With SE's highand SC active, FF 2402 samples TDI on each rising edge of SC. When alogic one (the start bit) is loaded into FF 2402 on a rising edge of SCit is clocked into FF 2404 on the next falling edge of SC. The output ofFF 2404 is fed back to the input of FF 2404 to latch FF 2404 at a logichigh. The logic high output of FF 2404 is input to And gate 2410 toenable SC to pass to SC'. The logic high of FF 2404 is also input to FF2406 on the next falling edge of SC. The logic high output of FF 2406enables And gate 2412 to pass the CC signal to SE'. CC is initially alogic high which causes SE′ to go high. With SE′ high and SC′ active theCNT 2414 start to count and the TCA 102 starts a TCA shift phase of aTCA scan operation to input CI from TDI and output CO on TDO of device2302. When the CNT 2414 reaches a predetermined shift count it sets CClow on the falling edge of SC′ for one SC′ clock period. SE′ goes lowwith CC going low which causes the TCA to capture response data into thescan paths 108 and reset the decompressor 104. CNT 2414 is reset for anew count on the rising edge of SC′ and the CC output goes high on thenext falling edge of SC′. SE′ goes high when CC goes high to start theshift phase of the next TCA scan cycle. The SDB circuit 2304 repeatsabove mentioned TCA capture and shift phases for each scan cycle appliedby the manufacturer's TCA test pattern set. When the TCA test iscomplete the TAP controller 702 exits the Shift-DR state which sets SElow to reset FFs 2402-2406 and disable the SBD 2304. As can be seen theTCA test operation executes while the TAP controller 702 is in theShift-DR state of FIG. 8 and ceases executing when the TAP controller702 exits the Shift-DR state. While the TAP controller is in theShift-DR state the SBD 2304 controls the capture and shift operation ofeach TCA scan cycle.

FIG. 25 illustrates a state diagram depicting the operation of SBD 2304.At the beginning of a TCA test operation the TAP controller 702 will bein the Shift-DR state and the SBD will be in state 2502 polling the TDIinput for a logic high start bit. When a start bit is detected the SBDtransitions to state 2504 to capture response into scan paths 108, resetthe decompressor 104, and reset the counter 2414. From state 2504 theSBD transitions to state 2506 to shift the scan paths 108, operate theTCA's decompressor 104 and compactor 106, and operate the counter. SBDremains in state 2506 while CC is high. When CC goes low the SBDtransitions back to state 2504 to perform the above mentioned state 2504operations. The SBD will operate in states 2504 and 2506 until the SBDcontrolled TCA test is complete, which is indicated by the TAPcontroller transitioning out of the Shift-DR state.

FIG. 26 illustrates the timing diagram of how device manufacturers TCAtest patterns can be applied using the SBD TCA test instruction of thepresent disclosure. As seen the TCA test starts by transitioning the TAPcontroller 702 into the Capture-DR state of FIG. 8 which enables SCclock outputs from TAP 604. Next the TAP controller 702 transitions tothe Shift-DR state to input the state bit (SB). In response to the startbit the SBD performs a first TCA scan cycle by outputting a first SC′clock 2602 to capture response into the TCA's scan paths 108 and resetthe TCA's decompressor 104 followed by additional SC's clocks 2604 toinput CI data on TDI and output CO data on TDO of device 2302. When thecounter's CC output goes low the SBC starts the next TCA scan cycle byperforming a capture operation with SC′ clock 2606 and shift operationswith SC′ clocks 2608. The SBD repeats 2610 the TCA capture/reset (CR)clock 2606 and shift clocks 2608 in response to a low on CC for eachremaining TCA scan cycle in the TCA test pattern set. When the TCA testis complete the TAP controller 702 transitions from the Shift-DR stateto disable the SBD.

As can be seen from the above description of FIGS. 23-26, the TAPcontroller 702 only enters the Capture-DR state once at the beginning ofthe SBD controlled TCA test. The TAP controller 702 remains in theShift-DR state for the duration of the SBD controlled TCA test. Thebenefit of applying device manufacturing TCA test patterns using SBDcontrolled TCA scan cycles while the TAP controller remains in theShift-DR state will be appreciated in the following JTAG daisy-chainarrangement descriptions of FIG. 28-33.

FIGS. 27A and 27B are provided simply to give examples of how the SBDcounter 2414 may be designed. FIG. 27A uses a counter 2702 and a countdetector circuit 2704 which outputs a signal on CC via falling edgeclocked FF 2706 when the counter reaches a predetermined count. Thecounter is clocked by SC′ and synchronously reset by SE′ low. FIG. 27Buses a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) 2708 and a pattern detectorcircuit 2710 which outputs a signal on CC via falling edge clocked FF2706 when the LFSR reaches a predetermined pattern. The LFSR is clockedby SC′ and synchronously reset by SE′ going low.

FIG. 28 illustrates device 2302 of FIG. 23 being placed in JTAGdaisy-chain arrangement 2800 with a number of trailing devices2802-2804. The daisy-chain arrangement of FIG. 28 could be a customer'ssystem that uses device 2302. The daisy-chain arrangement 2800 of FIG.28 is similar to daisy-chain arrangement 1008 of FIG. 12A. When a SBDcontrolled TCA test is to be performed on device 2302, the IR 704 ofdevice 1302 is loaded with the SBD TCA test instruction described inFIGS. 23-26 and IRs of devices 2802-2804 are loaded with instructionsthat select their BRs.

FIG. 29 illustrates the timing diagram of how the device manufacturer'sTCA test patterns may be reapplied to device 2302 when device 2302exists in the daisy-chain arrangement 2800 of FIG. 28. As can be seen incomparing the timing diagram of FIG. 29 with the one in FIG. 26, thedevice manufacturer TCA test patterns are applied using SBD controlledscan cycles that are identical in operation to the SBD controlled scancycles described in FIG. 26 from timing point 2902 to timing point 2904.The only difference between the timing diagrams of FIGS. 26 and 29 isthat at the end of test when all manufacturer TCA test patterns havebeen applied to device 1302, the timing diagram of FIG. 29 performs onelast scan cycle at timing points 2906 to 2908 to allow the CO data thathas been shifted into the BRs of the trailing devices 2802-2804 to beshifted out to the JTAG controller 606. Following this last shiftoperation to unload CO data from the BRs the SBD TCA test completes bytransitioning from the Shift-DR state to the Exit1-DR state.

As can be seen and appreciated the same device TCA test pattern set usedby the device 2302 manufacturer can be reapplied in a customer'sdaisy-chain arrangement 2800 simply by performing a last scan cycle tounload CO data from the trailing device BRs. The reason themanufacturer's TCA test pattern set can be reapplied comes from the factthat the new SBD TCA test instruction of the present disclosure avoidsusing the Capture-DR state to capture response into the TCA's scan pathsand reset the TCA's decompressor. By not using the Capture-DR stateduring SBD controlled TCA scan cycles, the BRs of the trailing devicesare never set to a logic zero during the TCA test, which allows the BRsto operate as pipeline bits between the TDO output of device 2302 andthe TDO input to the JTAG controller 606. Since the trailing device BRsoperate as pipeline bits, the time to apply the TCA test patterns is thesame as the direct manufacturing TCA test arrangement of FIG. 23 withthe exception of the time it takes to do the last scan cycle to emptythe BR pipeline bits of CO data. During the last scan cycle of FIG. 29appropriate pad bits (PB) are applied to the TDI input of device 1302from the JTAG controller.

FIG. 30 illustrates device 2302 of FIG. 23 being placed in JTAGdaisy-chain arrangement 3000 with a number of leading devices 3002-3004and trailing devices 2802-2804. The daisy-chain arrangement of FIG. 30could be a customer's system that uses device 2302. The daisy-chainarrangement 3000 of FIG. 30 is similar to daisy-chain arrangement 1008of FIG. 12B. When a SBD controlled TCA test is to be performed on device2302, the IR 704 of device 2302 is loaded with the new SBD TCA testinstruction described in FIGS. 33-26 and IRs of devices 3002-3004 and2802-2804 are loaded with instructions that select their BRs.

FIG. 31 illustrates the timing diagram of how the device manufacturer'sTCA test patterns may be reapplied to device 2302 when device 2302exists in the daisy-chain arrangement 3000 of FIG. 30. As can be seen incomparing the timing diagram of FIG. 31 with the one in FIG. 29, thedevice manufacturer TCA test patterns are applied using SBD controlledscan cycles that are identical in operation to the scan cycles describedin FIG. 29 from timing point 3102 to timing point 3104. The onlydifference between the timing diagrams of FIGS. 31 and 29 is that at thebeginning of the SBD controlled TCA test a first scan cycle is performedbetween timing points 3106 and 3108 to allow the SB and CI data from theJTAG controller to be shifted into the BRs of the leading devices3002-3004. It is important to note that the SBD 2304 of device 2302 willnot start the TCA test until all the logic low BBs have been shifted outof the leading devices 3002-3004 BRs and the logic high SB has beeninput to the SBD 2304 of device 2302. Following this first scan cycleoperation to load and CI data into the leading BRs and to input the SBto SBD 2304, the SBD controlled TCA test starts and executes untilcompletion as described in the timing diagram of FIG. 29. As can be seenand understood the SBD controlled TCA test operation is delayed fromstarting by the number of shift operations required to pass the SBthrough the BRs of leading devices 3002-3004. By delaying the start ofthe TCA test operation, the TCA's decompressor 104 does not advance fromits starting seed state as described in regard to the arrangements 108of FIGS. 12B-12C.

As can be seen and appreciated the same device TCA test pattern set usedby the device 2302 manufacturer can be reapplied in a customer'sdaisy-chain arrangement 3000 simply by performing a first scan cycle toload the SB and CI data into leading device BRs and a last scan cycle tounload CO data from trailing device BRs. Again, the reason themanufacturer's TCA test pattern set can be reapplied comes from the factthat the new SBD TCA test instruction of the present disclosure avoidsusing the Capture-DR state to capture response into the TCA's scan pathsand reset the TCA's decompressor. By not using the Capture-DR stateduring SBD controlled TCA scan cycles, the BRs of leading and trailingdevices are never set to a logic zero during the TCA test, which allowsthe BRs to operate as leading and trailing pipeline bits between theJTAG controller 606 and device 2302. Since the leading and trailingdevice BRs operate as pipeline bits, the time to apply the TCA testpatterns is the same as the direct manufacturing TCA test arrangement ofFIG. 23 with the exception of the time it takes to do the first and lastscan cycles to fill leading devices with CI data and empty trailingdevices of CO data. During the first scan cycle of FIG. 31 the dataoutput to the JTAG controller's TDO input are considered don't care bits(DC).

FIG. 32 illustrates device 2302 of FIG. 23 being placed in JTAGdaisy-chain arrangement 3200 with a number of leading devices 3002-3004.The daisy-chain arrangement of FIG. 32 could be a customer's system thatuses device 2302. The daisy-chain arrangement 3200 of FIG. 32 is similarto daisy-chain arrangement 1008 of FIG. 12C. When a SBD controlled TCAtest is to be performed on device 2302, the IR 704 of device 2302 isloaded with the new SBD TCA test instruction described in FIGS. 23-26and IRs of devices 3002-3004 are loaded with instructions that selecttheir BRs.

FIG. 33 illustrates the timing diagram of how the device manufacturer'sTCA test patterns may be reapplied to device 2302 when device 2302exists in the daisy-chain arrangement 3200 of FIG. 32. As can be seen incomparing the timing diagram of FIG. 33 with the one in FIG. 31, thedevice manufacturer TCA test patterns are applied using SBD controlledscan cycles that are identical in operation to the scan cycles describedin FIG. 31 from timing point 3302 to timing point 3304. As mentioned inregard to the timing diagram of FIG. 31, SBD 2304 of device 2302 willadvantageously not start the TCA test until all the logic low BBs havebeen shifted out of the leading devices 3002-3004 BRs and the logic highSB has been input to the SBD 2304 of device 2302. The only differencebetween the timing diagrams of FIGS. 33 and 31 is that since thedaisy-chain arrangement 3200 does not include any trailing devices, thelast scan cycle at the end of the SBD controlled TCA test of FIG. 31 isnot required and the test ends by simply transitioning from the Shift-DRstate to the Exit1-DR state 2206 as previously shown and described inregard to the timing diagram of FIG. 26.

As can be seen and appreciated the same device TCA test pattern set usedby the device 2302 manufacturer can be reapplied in a customer'sdaisy-chain arrangement 3200 simply by performing a first scan cycle toload the SB and CI data into the leading device's BRs. Again, the reasonthe manufacturer's TCA test pattern set can be reapplied comes from thefact that the new SBD TCA test instruction of the present disclosureavoids using the Capture-DR state to capture response into the TCA'sscan paths and reset the TCA's decompressor. By not using the Capture-DRstate during TCA scan cycles, the BRs of leading devices are never setto a logic zero during the TCA test, which allows the BRs to operate asleading pipeline bits between the JTAG controller 606 and device 1302.Since the leading device BRs operate as pipeline bits, the time to applythe TCA test patterns is the same as the direct manufacturing TCA testarrangement of FIG. 23 with the exception of the time it takes to do thefirst scan cycle to fill the leading devices BRs with CI data.

Third TCA Design Approach Description

FIG. 34 illustrates a device 3402 comprising a TCA 102, a TAP 604, and aPause-DR State detector (PSD) circuit 3404 connected as shown. The PSDcircuit 3404 is a circuit placed in the device to start a TCA testwhenever the TAP controller 702 of TAP 604 transitions to the Pause-DRstate. The PSD circuit 3404 inputs a Pause-DR State (PS) signal from theTAP controller 702 of TAP 604 and the SC and SE signals from TAP 604.The PS signal can be produced by connecting a gate 3406 to the Tapcontroller's 702 state bus to detect when the TAP controller is in thePause-DR state, as seen in arrangement 3408. The PSD circuit outputs anSC′ signal and an SE′ signal to the TCA 102. When a PSD TCA testinstruction is loaded into the IR 704 of TAP 604 the PSD circuit beginspolling the PS input for a signal which indicates the TAP controller 702is in the Pause-DR state. When the PSD detects the PS signal it enablesthe SC and SE signals from TAP 604 to be input to the TCA via the SC′and SE′ signals to start the TCA test. The arrangement of FIG. 34illustrates a direct way the device manufacturer would apply TCA testpatterns to the TCA of device 3402 from a JTAG controller 606.

FIG. 35 illustrates one example implementation of the PSD circuit 3404.The PSD circuit 3404 is identical in structure and operation to the SBDcircuit 2304 described previously in regard to FIG. 24, with theexception that it inputs the PS signal in place of the TDI signal.

To start a TCA test using the PSD 3404 a PSD TCA test instruction isloaded into the IR 704 of TAP 604 and the TAP controller 702 of TAP 604is transitioned through the Capture-DR state, Exit1-DR state, Pause-DRstate, Exit2-DR state and into the Shift-DR state of FIG. 8. When theTAP controller transitions through the Pause-DR state the PS signal fromGate 3406 is asserted and detected by the PSD circuit 3404. Detection ofthe PS signal enables the operation of the PSD circuit 3404. When theTAP controller transitions through the Exit2-DR state from the Pause-DRstate the PSD circuit outputs an SC clock on the SC′ input to the TCAwhich causes the TCA to capture response data into the scan paths 108and reset the decompressor 104, since the TCA′s SE′ input is low. Whenthe TAP controller transitions from the Exit2-DR state to the Shift-DRstate the PSD's SE's output goes high, since SE is high, and the PSD'sSC′ output passes SC clocks to TCA 102 to input CI data to the TCA fromTDI and output CO data from the TCA on TDO. The TAP controller 702 willremain in the Shift-DR state for the duration of the PSD controlled TCAtest, as did the TAP controller 702 of the SBD controlled TCA testdescribed in FIGS. 23-26. While the TAP controller 702 is in theShift-DR state, the PSD's counter 2414 will output the CC signal after apredetermined number of SC′ shift clocks have been to the TCA asdescribed in regard to the SBD 2304 of FIG. 24. In response to CC goinglow the PSD will set the SE′ signal low and perform a TCA capture andreset (CR) operation as described above. Following the TCA capture andreset operation SE's goes back high to start the next TCA shiftoperation. This TCA capture and reset (CR) operation followed by a TCAshift operation forms a TCA scan cycle and it repeats each time thecounter outputs the CC signal. After all the scan cycles of themanufacturers test pattern set has been applied to the TCA the TAPcontroller transitions out of the Shift-DR state which sets SE low toreset the PSD FFs 2402-2406 and stop the PSD controlled TCA test.

FIG. 36 illustrates a state diagram depicting the operation of PSD 3404.State 3602 of the PSD operation diagram is the same as state 2502 of theSBD operation of FIG. 25 with the exception that the PSD polls for thePS signal to start the TCA test operation instead of polling for thestart bit (SB) signal to start the TCA test operation as described inFIG. 25. States 3604 and 3606 of FIG. 36 perform the same operations asdescribed in states 2504 and 2506 of FIG. 25. As seen, transitionsbetween states 3604 and 3606 occur in response to the CC signal asdescribed in FIG. 25. The PSD will operate in states 2504 and 2506 untilthe PSD controlled TCA test is complete, which is indicated by the TAPcontroller transitioning out of the Shift-DR state.

FIG. 37 illustrates the timing diagram of how device manufacturers TCAtest patterns can be applied using the PSD TCA test instruction of thepresent disclosure. As seen the TCA test starts by transitioning the TAPcontroller 702 into the Capture-DR state of FIG. 8 which enables SCclock outputs from TAP 604. Next the TAP controller 702 transitions toPause-DR state via the Exit1-DR state to assert the PS signal whichenables the operation of PSD circuit 3404. Next the TAP controller 702transitions to the Exit2-DR state and the enabled PSD circuit 3404starts a first TCA scan cycle by outputting an SC′ clock 40 while SE′ islow to capture response data into scan paths 108 and reset decompressor104. Next the TAP controller 702 transitions to the Shift-DR state andthe PSD starts a TCA scan cycle shift operation by outputting additionalSC's clocks 3704 to input CI data to TCA from TDI and output CO from TCAon TDO. When the counter's CC output goes low the PSD starts the nextTCA scan cycle by performing a capture/reset (CR) operation with SC′clock 3706 and shift operations with SC′ clocks 3708. The PSD repeats3710 the TCA capture/reset (CR) clock 3706 and shift clocks 3708 inresponse to a low on CC for each remaining TCA scan cycle in the TCAtest pattern set. When the TCA test is complete the TAP controller 702transitions from the Shift-DR state to disable the PSD.

As can be seen from the above description of FIGS. 34-37, the TAPcontroller 702 only enters the Capture-DR state once at the beginning ofthe PSC controlled TCA test. The TAP controller 702 remains in theShift-DR state for the duration of the PSD controlled TCA test. Thebenefit of applying device manufacturing TCA test patterns using PSDcontrolled TCA scan cycles while the TAP controller remains in theShift-DR state will be appreciated in the following JTAG daisy-chainarrangement descriptions of FIG. 38-42.

FIG. 38 illustrates device 3402 of FIG. 34 being placed in JTAGdaisy-chain arrangement 3800 with a number of trailing devices3802-3804. The daisy-chain arrangement of FIG. 38 could be a customer'ssystem that uses device 3402. The daisy-chain arrangement 3800 of FIG.38 is similar to daisy-chain arrangement 1008 of FIG. 12A. When a PSDcontrolled TCA test is to be performed on device 3402, the IR 704 ofdevice 3402 is loaded with the PSD TCA test instruction described inFIGS. 34-37 and the IRs of devices 3802-3804 are loaded withinstructions that select their BRs.

FIG. 39 illustrates the timing diagram of how the device manufacturer'sTCA test patterns may be reapplied to device 3402 when device 3402exists in the daisy-chain arrangement 3800 of FIG. 38. As can be seen incomparing the timing diagram of FIG. 39 with the one in FIG. 37, thedevice manufacturer TCA test patterns are applied using PSD controlledscan cycles that are identical in operation to the PSD controlled scancycles described in FIG. 37 from timing point 3902 to timing point 3904.The only difference between the timing diagrams of FIGS. 37 and 39 isthat at the end of test when all manufacturer TCA test patterns havebeen applied to device 3402, the timing diagram of FIG. 39 performs onelast scan cycle at timing points 3906 to 3908 to allow the CO data thathas been shifted into the BRs of the trailing devices 3802-3804 to beshifted out to the JTAG controller 606. Following this last shiftoperation to unload CO data from the BRs the SBD TCA test completes bytransitioning from the Shift-DR state to the Exit1-DR state.

As can be seen and appreciated the same device TCA test pattern set usedby the device 3402 manufacturer can be reapplied in a customer'sdaisy-chain arrangement 3800 simply by performing a last scan cycle tounload CO data from the trailing device BRs. The reason themanufacturer's TCA test pattern set can be reapplied comes from the factthat the new PSD TCA test instruction of the present disclosure avoidsusing the Capture-DR state to capture response into the TCA's scan pathsand reset the TCA's decompressor. By not using the Capture-DR stateduring PSD controlled TCA scan cycles, the BRs of the trailing devicesare never set to a logic zero during the TCA test, which allows the BRsto operate as pipeline bits between the TDO output of device 3402 andthe TDO input to the JTAG controller 606. Since the trailing device BRsoperate as pipeline bits, the time to apply the TCA test patterns is thesame as the direct manufacturing TCA test arrangement of FIG. 34 withthe exception of the time it takes to do the last scan cycle to emptythe BR pipeline bits of CO data. During the last scan cycle of FIG. 39appropriate pad bits (PB) are applied to the TDI input of device 1302from the JTAG controller.

FIG. 40 illustrates device 3402 of FIG. 34 being placed in JTAGdaisy-chain arrangement 4000 with a number of leading devices 4002-4004and trailing devices 3802-3804. The daisy-chain arrangement of FIG. 40could be a customer's system that uses device 3402. The daisy-chainarrangement 4000 of FIG. 40 is similar to daisy-chain arrangement 1008of FIG. 12B. When a PSD controlled TCA test is to be performed on device3402, the IR 704 of device 3402 is loaded with the new PSD TCA testinstruction described in FIGS. 34-37 and IRs of devices 4002-4004 and3802-3804 are loaded with instructions that select their BRs.

FIG. 41 illustrates the timing diagram of how the device manufacturer'sTCA test patterns may be reapplied to device 3402 when device 3402exists in the daisy-chain arrangement 4000 of FIG. 40. As can be seen incomparing the timing diagram of FIG. 41 with the one in FIG. 39, thedevice manufacturer TCA test patterns are applied using PSD controlledscan cycles that are identical in operation to the scan cycles describedin FIG. 39 from timing point 4102 to timing point 4104, followed by alast scan cycle from timing point 4110 to timing point 4112 to unload COdata from the trailing device BRs. The only difference between thetiming diagrams of FIGS. 41 and 39 is that at the beginning of the PSDcontrolled TCA test a first scan cycle is performed between timingpoints 4106 and 4108 to allow the CI data from the JTAG controller to beshifted into the BRs of the leading devices 4002-4004. It is importantto note that the PSD 3404 of device 3402 will not start the TCA testuntil all the logic low BBs have been shifted out of the leading devices4002-4004 BRs and the CI data has been input to devices 4002-4004.Following this first scan cycle operation to load CI data into theleading BRs, the PSD controlled TCA test is started by the TAPcontroller 702 transitioning through the Pause-DR state and executesuntil completion as described in the timing diagram of FIG. 39. As canbe seen and understood the PSD controlled TCA test operation is delayedfrom starting by the number of shift operations required to pass the CIdata into the BRs of leading devices 4002-4004. By delaying the start ofthe TCA test operation, the TCA's decompressor 104 does not advance fromits starting seed state as described in regard to the arrangements 108of FIGS. 12B-12C.

As can be seen and appreciated the same device TCA test pattern set usedby the device 3402 manufacturer can be reapplied in a customer'sdaisy-chain arrangement 4000 simply by performing a first scan cycle toload the CI data into leading device BRs and a last scan cycle to unloadCO data from trailing device BRs. Again, the reason the manufacturer'sTCA test pattern set can be reapplied comes from the fact that the newPSD TCA test instruction of the present disclosure avoids using theCapture-DR state to capture response into the TCA's scan paths and resetthe TCA's decompressor. By not using the Capture-DR state during PSDcontrolled TCA scan cycles, the BRs of leading and trailing devices arenever set to a logic zero during the TCA test, which allows the BRs tooperate as leading and trailing pipeline bits between the JTAGcontroller 606 and device 3402. Since the leading and trailing deviceBRs operate as pipeline bits, the time to apply the TCA test patterns isthe same as the direct manufacturing TCA test arrangement of FIG. 23with the exception of the time it takes to do the first and last scancycles to fill leading devices with CI data and empty trailing devicesof CO data. During the first scan cycle of FIG. 41 the data output tothe JTAG controller's TDO input are considered don't care bits (DC).

FIG. 42 illustrates device 3402 of FIG. 34 being placed in JTAGdaisy-chain arrangement 4200 with a number of leading devices 4002-4004.The daisy-chain arrangement of FIG. 42 could be a customer's system thatuses device 3402. The daisy-chain arrangement 4200 of FIG. 42 is similarto daisy-chain arrangement 1008 of FIG. 12C. When a PSD controlled TCAtest is to be performed on device 3402, the IR 704 of device 3402 isloaded with the new PSD TCA test instruction described in FIGS. 23-26and IRs of devices 4002-4004 are loaded with instructions that selecttheir BRs.

FIG. 43 illustrates the timing diagram of how the device manufacturer'sTCA test patterns may be reapplied to device 3402 when device 3402exists in the daisy-chain arrangement 4200 of FIG. 42. As can be seen incomparing the timing diagram of FIG. 43 with the one in FIG. 41, thedevice manufacturer TCA test patterns are applied using PSD controlledscan cycles that are identical in operation to the scan cycles describedin FIG. 41 from timing point 4302 to timing point 4304. As mentioned inregard to the timing diagram of FIG. 41, PSD 3404 of device 3402 willadvantageously not start the TCA test until all the logic low BBs havebeen shifted out of the leading devices 4002-4004 BRs and the CI datafrom the JTAG controller 606 has been input leading device BRs. The onlydifference between the timing diagrams of FIGS. 43 and 41 is that sincethe daisy-chain arrangement 4200 does not include any trailing devices,the last scan cycle at the end of the PSD controlled TCA test of FIG. 41is not required and the test ends by simply transitioning from theShift-DR state to the Exit1-DR state 4306 as previously shown anddescribed in regard to the timing diagram of FIG. 26.

As can be seen and appreciated the same device TCA test pattern set usedby the device 3402 manufacturer can be reapplied in a customer'sdaisy-chain arrangement 4200 simply by performing a first scan cycle toload the CI data into the leading device's BRs. Again, the reason themanufacturer's TCA test pattern set can be reapplied comes from the factthat the new PSD TCA test instruction of the present disclosure avoidsusing the Capture-DR state to capture response into the TCA's scan pathsand reset the TCA's decompressor. By not using the Capture-DR stateduring TCA scan cycles, the BRs of leading devices are never set to alogic zero during the TCA test, which allows the BRs to operate asleading pipeline bits between the JTAG controller 606 and device 3402.Since the leading device BRs operate as pipeline bits, the time to applythe TCA test patterns is the same as the direct manufacturing TCA testarrangement of FIG. 23 with the exception of the time it takes to do thefirst scan cycle to fill the leading devices BRs with CI data.

FIG. 44 illustrates an alternate example implementation of the SBD 2302and PSD 3402 circuits described in regard to FIGS. 23-33 and 34-43respectively. In some instances it may be desired to utilize the TAPcontroller Pause-DR state of FIG. 8 during an SBD or PSD controlled TCAtest. For example, the Pause-DR state would allow a low cost tester thatcannot sustain a continuous CI input to the TCA and/or a CO output froma TCA to be used for TCA testing in place of a high cost tester. Whenthe low cost tester needs to suspend CI input and CO output operationsit simply transitions the device TAP controller 702 to the Pause-DRstate until it is ready to resume the CI input and CO output operations.The example SBD 2304 and PSD 3404 circuits 2304 and 3404 of FIGS. 23-33and 34-43 cannot use the Pause-DR state since they are reset anddisabled whenever the TAP controller 702 exits the Shift-DR state andsets SE low.

The alternate SBD or PSD implementation of FIG. 44 comprises the SBDcircuit 2302 or PSD circuit 3402 and a set/reset FF 4404. The output ofthe FF 4404 is connected to the SE input of the SBD/PSD circuit in placeof the SE output from TAP 604. All other inputs and output of theSBD/PSD circuit are connected to the TAP 604 and TCA 102 as previouslydescribe. The set input of FF 4404 is connected to a signal indicatingthe TAP controller 702 is in the Capture-DR state. The reset input of FF4404 is connected to signal indicating the TAP controller 702 is in theUpdate-DR state. The Capture-DR and Update signals may be produced bydecoding the TAP controller 702 state bus as shown previously in regardto circuit arrangement 3408 of FIG. 34 or by any other means. As can beseen the SE input of the SBD/PSD circuit is set high by FF 4404 when theTAP controller 702 transitions to the Capture-DR state at the beginningof a TCA tests and remains high until FF 4404 is reset when the TAPcontroller 702 transitions to the Update-DR state at the end of the TCAtest. While the SE signal is high the SBD/PSD circuit can be operatedwhile the TAP controller 702 is in the Shift-DR state as described inFIGS. 23-33 and 34-43. Also, since the SE signal is controlled by FF4404 instead of the SE output of TAP 604, the TAP controller 702 cantransition from the Shift-DR state to the Pause-DR state via theExit1-DR state to pause a CI input and CO output shift operation, thentransition back into the Shift-DR state from the Pause-DR state via theExit2-DR state and resume the CI input and CO output shift operation.This pausing of the CI input and CO output shift operations is notpossible using the example SBD 2302 and PSD 3402 circuits since thosecircuits are reset by SE whenever the TAP controller 702 transitionedfrom the Shift-DR state. While FIG. 44 shows one example of how toimplement an SBD/PSD circuit 4402 capable of using the TAP controller'sPause-DR state to pause and resume CI input and CO output shiftoperations, the disclosure is not limited to this circuit example.

FIGS. 45A-45C illustrate the advantages of using the three approachesdescribed in FIGS. 13-21 (modified TAP approach), FIGS. 23-33 (SBDapproach) and FIG. 34-43 (PSD approach) to apply a TCA test to a deviceplaced in a JTAG daisy-chain scan path. In FIG. 45A the devicemanufacturer's TCA test pattern set is shown being applied to a devicein a JTAG daisy-chain that includes trailing devices. In FIG. 45B thedevice manufacturer's TCA test pattern set is shown being applied to adevice in a JTAG daisy-chain that includes leading and trailing devices.In FIG. 45C the device manufacturer's TCA test pattern set is shownbeing applied to a device in a JTAG daisy-chain that includes leadingdevices. As can be seen, once the TCA test is stated the compressedinput patterns (CIP) and compressed output patterns (COP) of the TCAtest pattern set are applied directly to the TDI input and TDO output ofthe device being tested via the leading and/or trailing bypass register(BR) of the other devices. This key advantage is brought about by thefact the three described approaches allow the BRs of neighboring devicesto operate as pipeline bits between the JTAG controller and device beingtested. The BRs are allowed to operate as pipeline bits because theapproaches described do not require the device TAP controllers 702 tocycle through the Capture-DR state during each TCA scan cycle, as doesthe JTAG TCA test approach described in FIGS. 6-9. Also the test time ofapplying the manufacturers TCA test patterns is only extended by thelength of time it takes to fill leading BRs with CI data and/or emptytrailing BRs of CO data.

FIG. 46 is provided to illustrate that a device 4602 may have more thanone TCA circuit 102. Each TCA circuit is selected for testing using oneor more of the approaches described in this disclosure. For example theselected TCA circuit may be tested using a modified TAP 4604 asdescribed in regard to FIGS. 13-16, tested using a SBD circuit 2304,referenced in this example as element 4606, as described in regard toFIGS. 23-26, or tested using a PSD circuit 3404, referenced in thisexample as element 4606, as described in regard to FIGS. 34-37.

Although the disclosure has been described in detail, it should beunderstood that various changes, substitutions and alterations may bemade without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure asdefined by the appended claims.

1. A test access port comprising: A. a test clock input lead and a test mode select input lead; B. a test access port controller having a test clock input connected to the test clock input lead, a test mode select input connected to the test mode select input lead, a Clock-DR output, and a Pause-DR output; C. an instruction register having a first output and a second output; D. a first logic gate having an input connected to the first output of the instruction register, a second input connected to the Clock-DR output, and an output; E. a second logic gate having an input connected to the second output of the instruction register, a second input connected to the Pause-DR output, a third input connected to the test clock input lead, and an output; and F. a third logic gate having an input connected to the output of the first logic gate, another input connected to the output of the second logic gate, and a scan clock output.
 2. The test access port of claim 1 in which the first and second logic gates are AND gates.
 3. The test access port of claim 1 in which the third logic gate is an OR gate. 